Conditioning for Volleyball

Sport-Specific Training for Volleyball

Sport-Specificity

Specificity. When designing conditioning for volleyball, consider one of the most basic training concepts, specificity. Specificity is a method of training in a specific way to create a specific outcome.

There are many important aspects of conditioning - strength, speed, power, etc. However, the degree of importance relies completely on the specificity of the sport.

Specificity and team sports. In many team sports, specificity may even be determined by player position.

Middle blocker. For example, a middle blocker in volleyball must develop a stable ready position optimal for transitioning quickly laterally at the net then have the core stability to transition into a vertical jump and perform a block under control.

Libero. When playing defense, a libero must be able to move in any direction on the court quickly and get in ready position to make a play on a ball.

While conditioning for volleyball for these two types of players may be very similar, it may be appropriate for a middle blocker to focus more on single leg strength, agility, and vertical power while a libero focuses more on short sprints emphasizing deceleration, balance, and coordination.

Basic Sports Performance Variables
power	the ability to perform an explosive movement in as short a time as possible
strength	the ability to produce force
speed	the ability to get from point A to point B as quickly as possible
coordination	the ability to organize two or more movement patterns to achieve a specific movement goal
quickness	reaction time and movement time in response to a stimulus
agility	the ability to stop, start, and change the direction of the body or body parts rapidly and in a controlled manner
mobility	the ability to cover a playing area quickly with good coordination
dynamic flexibility	the available range of motion during active movements that requires voluntary muscle actions
muscular endurance	the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions against a submaximal resistance
aerobic power	the maximum rate at which an athlete can produce energy through oxidation

Developing Strength

Strength. Strength is the ability to produce maximal force. Superior performance levels cannot be achieved without the development of strength. Developing strength by weight training for volleyball is an important component of conditioning for volleyball. Strength comes in many forms and is more complex than the basic idea of developing force tension within a muscle.

There are several classifications of strength such as maximal strength, static strength, concentric strength, and eccentric strength.

• Maximal Strength refers to the maximum amount of weight that an individual can lift at any one time.
  
  
• Static Strength is the ability to hold or stabilize a position. This strength is vital to developing power in movement.
  
  
• Concentric Strength is the ability of a muscle to develop force while shortening.
  
  
• Eccentric Strength is the ability of a muscle to develop force while it is lengthening. Eccentric strength is essential for the development of explosive power.
  

Developing Power

Power. Power may be the most important factor in sports performance. For most sports, maximal strength is always a training goal but speed of movement is crucial as well.

When attempting to become an explosive athlete, it is important to consider the total spectrum of athletic development. Strength alone will not accomplish the ability to become explosive.

Olympic style weightlifting, complex training, and plyometrics are common methods of conditioning for volleyball. These forms of training are movement and speed specific for developing explosive power.

Developing Speed

Speed. Speed in forward, backward, and lateral positions is important in many sports. Speed refers to the point at which athletes can accelerate no more and have reached their maximum rate of movement.

In most sports, what is referred to as speed is really acceleration because athletes rarely reach maximum speed during competition.

Being able to move from point A to point B quickly allows athletes to set up in proper position or merely gives them an advantage over their competition.

When conditioning for volleyball, players should focus on developing speed-strength because most plays involve moving a short distance quickly.

With stops and starts, speed merges into the concept of agility.

Developing Agility

Agility. Coaches and players often look at coordination and agility as the key components that determine whether someone is athletic.

From the way she moves her arms all the way down to the way her feet interact with the ground, an athlete needs to develop the most efficient way to move.

Conditioning for volleyball should involve stopping, starting, landing, and change of direction movements. These are all important skills to being successful in volleyball.

Developing Flexibility

Flexibility. The ability to move the joints in the needed range of motion is vital to sports performance. Maximal flexibility isn’t necessary for most sports.

Most athletes need flexibility training to develop adequate range of motion needed to perform their sports skills.

Quality of movement is affected by flexibility. When athletes have command of their flexibility, they are able to perform more strongly, quickly, and efficiently.

Strength, speed, and endurance are qualities of every sport. Flexibility determines how proficiently and efficiently the athlete can apply them.

Developing Muscular Endurance

Muscular Endurance. The ability to perform repetitive bouts of exercise under stressful metabolic conditions is important to many sports.

Training for muscular endurance is not usually necessary for conditioning for volleyball. Athletes need to be careful what exercises they choose to use to train for muscular endurance. Training for muscular endurance may diminish previous gains made in strength and power.

If you have muscular endurance training in your program, it may be best placed near the beginning of off-season conditioning.

Developing Aerobic Capacity

Aerobic Capacity. Developing a minimal level of cardiovascular fitness may be required for all sports. In aerobic sports the athlete relies heavily on her aerobic capacity.

Good aerobic capability will have a positive effect on recovery, even during high-intensity sports competition.

However, aerobic power is probably the least important factor to volleyball performance.

Since excessive aerobic training may lessen strength and power gains, ESD training may be the best method to improve aerobic power when conditioning for volleyball.

Combining Aspects of Sports Performance

Speed Endurance. Athletes with poor speed endurance are unable to accelerate and sprint at the same high level repeatedly during competition because of fatigue.

An athlete can gain several advantages in their sport by developing adequate speed endurance.

• The ability to make repeated short sprints at the same speed with minimum rest.
  
  
• The ability to reach maximum speed more quickly.
  
  
• The ability to hold maximum speed for a longer distance before slowing down.
  
  

Power Endurance. Sports such as swimming, and wrestling, and player positions such as running back or pitcher, require a high level of power endurance, power applied several times repetitively.

A conditioning for volleyball program must physically prepare players for many repetitive jumps, starts and stops, dives, rolls, and overhead motions that occur during matches.

Speed Strength. Speed strength is foundational to power development. This form of training includes start strength, explosive strength, and reactive-elastic strength.

• Start Strength is the ability to exert maximal forces right away.
  
  
• Start Strength is the ability to exert maximal forces right away.
  
  
• Explosive Strength refers to how quickly an athlete develops force.
  
  
• Reactive-elastic Strength is the pairing of eccentric strength and concentric strength.
  
  

Types of Combinations
Type	Activity	Training Goal
speed endurance	sprinting during soccer	maintain sprinting speed of repeated sprints throughout the game
muscular endurance	long distance swimming	maintain muscular strength of swimming strokes throughout the race
power endurance	spiking in volleyball	maintain spiking power throughout a match

Periodization. Specificity also relates to the athlete's sport season. Conditioning for volleyball should gradually progress in cycles from generalized to sport specific.

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Conditioning for Volleyball Related Pages

Volleyball Conditioning the Right Way

Dynamic Volleyball Flexibility

Static Volleyball Flexibility

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